N'ihe banyere osteochondrosis thoracic, akụkụ ndị metụtara akụkụ nke ọkpụkpụ azụ, nke dị na ọkwa nke mpaghara thoracic na-emetụta na n'okpuru, na-atakarị ahụhụ. Mmebi nke ọrụ nkịtị nke ọkpụkpụ azụ na-eduga na enweghi ike imeghari nke ogwe aka, ụkwụ na ọkpụkpụ n'ozuzu ya, arụ ọrụ nke akụkụ pelvic, akwara iku ume na akụkụ ahụ dị n'ime.
Osteochondrosis bụ ọrịa degenerative-dystrophic nke ọkpụkpụ azụ, nke dabere na mgbanwe nke diski intervertebral na ntinye aka na usoro pathological nke vertebrae gbara agbata obi na nkwonkwo intervertebral na ngwa ligamentous dum.
Njirimara nke anatomi nke ọkpụkpụ azụ
Ntugharị na nkwụsi ike, ngbanwe na ngbanwe nke ọkpụkpụ azụ azụ na-adabere na diski intervertebral, nke bụ otu n'ime ụdị njikọ cartilaginous n'etiti ọkpụkpụ ma na-enye njikọ siri ike n'etiti ahụ nke vertebrae gbara agbata obi. Ngụkọta ogologo nke diski intervertebral bụ otu ụzọ n'ụzọ anọ nke ogologo ogidi ọkpụkpụ azụ.
Ọrụ kachasị mkpa nke diski bụ iji belata ibu kwụ ọtọ na vertebrae. Disk ahụ nwere akụkụ atọ:
- efere hyaline (nke dị n'akụkụ vertebrae nke ọma);
- nucleus pulposus (na-ejuputa oghere dị n'etiti efere);
- mgbanaka fibrous (gburugburu oghere site n'èzí).
Nucleus nwere mkpụrụ ndụ cartilage, eriri collagen jikọtara ọnụ na chondrin (proteoglycans). A na-ekpuchi ihu ihu diski ahụ site na eriri ogologo ogologo oge, bụ nke jikọtara ya na vertebrae ma na-atụgharị na diski ahụ kpamkpam. A na-ejikọta njikọ dị n'azụ ogologo oge na n'elu diski ahụ ma mee ka mgbidi dị n'ihu nke ọkpụkpụ azụ azụ. Diski intervertebral enweghị ọbara nke ya, ya mere ọ na-eri nri na ihe ndị na-esite na mgbasa nke vertebral ahụ.
Nkesa nke ibu kwụ ọtọ na kọlụm spinal na-eme n'ihi ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe nke diski. N'ihi nrụgide, nucleus pulposus na-agbasawanye, na nrụgide na-ekesa na annulus fibrosus na hyaline plates. N'oge mmegharị ahụ, isi ahụ na-aga n'akụkụ nke ọzọ: mgbe a na-atụgharị - kwupụta convexity, mgbe ọ na-agbagọ - n'ihu. Mgbe ọkpụkpụ azụ na-agagharị, mọzụlụ, ligaments na diski gụnyere n'ọrụ ahụ. Ya mere, mmebi na otu njikọ na-eduga na mmebi na usoro kinetic dum.
Ihe na-akpata na usoro nke mmepe nke ọrịa
N'ime mmepe nke osteochondrosis, a na-arụ ọrụ pụrụ iche site na arụ ọrụ nke ọkpụkpụ azụ. N'okpuru mmetụta nke na-adịghị mma static ibu na ike ike, nucleus pulposus ji nwayọọ nwayọọ na-efunahụ ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe (n'ihi depolymerization nke polysaccharides), na-etolite protrusions na sequesters.
Usoro mmebi diski na-emetụta usoro mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa, nke na-eme ka mmepe nke mgbanwe na ngwa neuromuscular nke azụ, mgbanwe nke nhazi nke glycosamines, na imebi nkesa nke collagen fibers na diski. Ihe na-akpata mkpụrụ ndụ ihe nketa bụ ihe kacha mkpa na ọnọdụ nke thoracic osteochondrosis, dabere na ọrụ ọrụ na-abawanye.
Ihe ndị dị ize ndụ maka mmepe nke mgbanwe degenerative na ọkpụkpụ azụ gụnyere njirimara anatomical nke diski, nke bụ ezughị okè na evolushọn. Otu n'ime njirimara ndị a bụ njirimara nri nke ihe owuwu. N'ime ahụ mmadụ, diski ahụ nwere anụ ahụ na-esighi ike. Mmechi nke arịa ọbara na-eme ugbua na nwata. Mgbe oriri na-edozi ahụ na-eme n'ihi mgbasa nke ihe site na njedebe njedebe.
Ihe na-akpali akpali nke ntinye nke ihe oriri na-edozi ahụ bụ ibu dosed nke na-ewepụ ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ na nrụgide dị ukwuu. Enweghị mmega ahụ nke anụ ahụ bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị na-ebute ihe ize ndụ maka osteochondrosis thoracic. Ya mere, mmega ahụ mgbe niile bụ ihe mgbochi dị mkpa.
Ihe dị iche iche nke ihe owuwu microscopic - mkpụrụ ndụ ole na ole - na-ebelata ike nke ike ịmaliteghachi na ọnụego nke mgbake nke diski diski. Akụkụ anatomical bụ adịghị ike na enweghị ike nke diski na akụkụ azụ. Nke a na-enye aka n'ọdịdị diski dị n'ụdị wedge na mpaghara ala thoracic na lumbar.
Nnukwu mkpa na mmepe osteochondrosis na-enye mgbanwe mgbanwe. Mgbanwe degenerative na-arụsi ọrụ ike na-amalite ịbawanye mgbe afọ 30 gachara. Njikọ nke ihe ndị dị mkpa maka diski (glycosaminoglycans) na-aga n'ihu, mana àgwà ha na-akawanye njọ. Hydrophilicity na-ebelata, fibrousness na-abawanye, sclerosis na-apụta.
Nkeji nke degeneration nke diski intervertebral:
- ogologo oge asymptomatic N'ezie, degenerative mgbanwe na intradiscal components, ntughari nke nucleus n'ime disk;
- akpọpụta radicular mgbaàmà nke thoracic osteochondrosis, mkpakọ nke eriri afọ, protrusion nke nucleus pulposus (protrusion, 1 ogo);
- mgbawa diski na protrusion hernial (hernia, ogo 2nd);
- degenerative mgbanwe na extradiscal components (ọkwa 3).
- ike iku ume;
- oké mgbu abalị;
- "obi", ihe mgbu angina;
- mgbu na mammary glands;
- mgbu hypochondrium aka nri ma ọ bụ aka ekpe (mgbaàmà nke cholecystitis na pancreatitis);
- mgbu na akpịrị na esophagus;
- mgbu na epigastrium, afo (mgbaàmà nke gastritis, enteritis na colitis);
- arụrụ arụ mmekọahụ.
- traction vetikal na-arụ ọrụ n'okpuru mmiri;
- traction na-agafe agafe na akwa akwa na-achọghị iji Glisson loop ma ọ bụrụ na emebi emebi na ọkwa nke 1-4 thoracic vertebrae, site na eriri axillary ma ọ bụrụ na mmebi na ọkwa nke 4-12 thoracic vertebrae.
Ọganihu nke pathological na-agbanye mgbọrọgwụ akwara, arịa ọbara ma ọ bụ ọkpụkpụ azụ n'ogo dị iche iche (cervical, thoracic, lumbar), nke na-ekpebi foto ụlọ ọgwụ.
Mgbochi nke mmegharị na spine thoracic, nke bụ n'ihi ọnụnọ nke obi, na-enye aka na traumatization kacha nta nke diski intervertebral, ya mere osteochondrosis. Physiological thoracic kyphosis na-enye aka na-ekesa ịdị arọ nke ọkara nke elu ahụ na akụkụ mpụta na ihu nke vertebrae. Ya mere, a na-emepụta hernias intervertebral na osteophytes n'ihu na n'akụkụ elu nke ọkpụkpụ azụ. Osteophytes azụ na hernias dị oke ụkọ.
Osteochondrosis na-enye aka na mbelata nke intervertebral foramina na mkpakọ nke mgbọrọgwụ nke ọkpụkpụ azụ azụ na eriri ọmịiko. Eriri ọmịiko na-esite na isi awọ nke ọkpụkpụ azụ, wee kpokọta n'ime ọnụ, nke a na-ezigara ha na akụkụ ahụ niile. Nke a na-eduga na eziokwu ahụ bụ na thoracic osteochondrosis, na mgbakwunye na ọrịa na-ahụkarị akwara ozi, na-eduga na arụ ọrụ nke esịtidem akụkụ (vegetative, vasomotor, trophic) na iṅomi nke somatic ọrịa. Akụkụ a nke osteochondrosis nke diski thoracic na-akọwa ihe isi ike dị n'ịchọpụta na ịkọwa ọgwụgwọ ziri ezi.
Mgbaàmà nke thoracic osteochondrosis
Thoracic osteochondrosis bụ ihe a na-ahụkarị maka ndị mmadụ anaghị ebi ndụ. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ dịghị mmetụta na-akpali akpali nke dosed ibu na spain, nke na-eme ka emeghasịkwa nke disk mgbake. Ọrịa na-etolite na ndị na-arụ ọrụ na kọmpụta ogologo oge, na-ehulata, wdg. Ndị dị otú ahụ kwesịrị iji onwe ha mee mmega ahụ ọgwụgwọ.
Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọkpụkpụ osteochondrosis na-apụta ìhè site na mgbu na-adịghị mma, nke na-adịkarịghị ahụ mgbu na ọkụ. A na-etinye ihe mgbu n'etiti eriri ubu. Onye ọrịa ahụ na-ewute ya site na mmetụta nke mkpakọ nke obi. Mgbe ị na-enwe mmetụta nke usoro spinous nke vertebrae thoracic, a na-achọpụta ihe mgbu mpaghara, nke na-abawanye na ibu axial na ọkpụkpụ azụ, mkpali miri emi na ntụgharị nke ahụ.
Ọtụtụ ndị ọrịa na-enwe ihe mgbu dị nkọ na scapula na obi ala (ọrịa na-eri nri azụ). Ihe mgbaàmà a na-etolite n'ihi nkwụsị nke ọgịrịga dị ala. Ihe mgbu na-abawanye nke ọma mgbe ọ na-atụgharị ọkpụkpụ. Ọtụtụ mgbe, ọrịa mgbu na-apụ n'anya na mberede.
Ọtụtụ mgbe, ihe mgbu na obi na-aghọ eriri, kwekọrọ na usoro nke akwara intercostal. Mmetụta na mpaghara nke innervation nke njedebe akwara kwekọrọ na-akpaghasị, paresthesias na-apụta, na-enwekarị mbelata nke elu na mmetụta miri emi. Enwere ike imebi ọrụ nke eriri afọ, mgbanwe n'ikpere na azụ azụ azụ azụ.
Mmebi nke ọrụ nke akụkụ ahụ dị n'ime na-eme mgbe a na-agbanye mgbọrọgwụ akwara ọ bụla na ọkwa site na 1 ruo 12. Na mpaghara thoracic, e nwere ihe ndị na-ahụ maka ntinye nke ngụgụ, obi, eriri afọ, imeju, pancreas, na akụrụ. Ya mere, ọ dịghị ihe ịrịba ama e ji mara naanị thoracic osteochondrosis.
A na-egosipụta ọrịa ahụ site na mgbaàmà njirimara nke pathology ọzọ:
Nchọpụta nchọpụta
Uru kachasị na nyocha nke osteochondrosis thoracic nwere nyocha X-ray nke obi. Foto a na-egosi mbelata ịdị elu nke diski intervertebral, sclerosis nke efere njedebe, nhazi nke osteophytes.
Tomography kọmpụta na-enye gị ohere ịkọwapụta ọnọdụ nke vertebrae, nkwonkwo nke ọkpụkpụ azụ azụ, nha nke ọkpụkpụ azụ azụ, chọpụta ebe ebe protrusion hernial na nha ya.
Mgbe ị na-eme nchọpụta dị iche, ọ dị mkpa iji nlezianya na-anakọta anamnesis ma jiri akara ngosi ụlọ ọgwụ niile nke thoracic osteochondrosis na mgbaàmà nke ọrịa ndị ọzọ. Dịka ọmụmaatụ: nitroglycerin anaghị akwụsị ihe mgbu na obi na osteochondrosis, ihe mgbu epigastric anaghị ejikọta ya na nri nri, ọ bụghị oge, ihe mgbaàmà niile na-apụta na mgbede ma na-apụ kpamkpam mgbe ezumike abalị gasịrị.
Kedu ka esi emeso osteochondrosis thoracic?
Ọgwụgwọ osteochondrosis nke spine thoracic n'ihe fọrọ nke nta ka ọ bụrụ n'ọnọdụ niile bụ ihe nchekwa. Ihe ngosi maka ọgwụgwọ bụ isi nke visceral syndromes nwere nsogbu akwara ozi. Isi ọgwụgwọ orthopedic kwesịrị ịbụ traction zuru oke nke ọkpụkpụ azụ:
Ọgwụgwọ ọgwụ na-agụnye ime mgbochi paravertebral na ngwọta novocaine. Site na mmụba nke ọrịa ahụ, a na-eji analgesics na ihe na-eme ka ahụ sie ike. Site na ọrịa mgbu na-enweghị atụ, ọ ga-ekwe omume iji ointments na analgesics na ọgwụ mgbochi mkpali n'ụlọ.
Mgbe mkpochapụ nke nnukwu phenomena, a na-eji ịhịa aka n'ahụ nke mọzụlụ azụ na nke dị ala. A na-egosi ọgwụgwọ ntuziaka maka ogo 1-3 nke osteochondrosis n'ihe banyere mmepe nke mgbochi ọrụ. Ọ gụnyere nhọrọ dị iche iche maka mmetụta dị nro na nke siri ike na akwara azụ.
Mmega ahụ ọgwụgwọ na-enye gị ohere ịkwanye akụkụ niile nke ọkpụkpụ azụ n'ụdị dosed, nke na-akpali usoro mgbake. Ọnọdụ dị mkpa maka ọgwụgwọ mgbatị ahụ maka osteochondrosis bụ iwepụ ibu kwụ ọtọ.
Physiotherapy: ọgwụgwọ UHF, ultrasound, inductothermy, radon na pine-coniferous nnu baths. N'oge spa, a na-eji traction na hydromassage na-arụsi ọrụ ike.
A naghị ejikarị ọgwụgwọ ịwa ahụ eme ihe. Ihe ngosi maka ntinye aka ịwa ahụ bụ mkpakọ nke ọkpụkpụ azụ azụ site na mpempe diski gbapụrụ agbapụ.